Numerical forecast of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere using GAIA

Upper Atmosphere and Ionosphere of Saturn

This chapter summarizes our current understanding of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere of Saturn. We summarize the available observations and the various relevant models associated with these regions. We describe what is currently known, outline any controversies and indicate how future observations can help in advancing our understanding of the various controlling physical and chemical proce...

Ionosphere and Upper Atmosphere Research with Radars

Driving Saturn’s magnetospheric periodicities from the upper atmosphere/ionosphere

[1] Saturn’s magnetospheric structure and the intensity of radio frequency emissions from its immediate surroundings are modulated at close to the planet’s rotation period. Analogous rotation-modulated variations at Jupiter are readily interpreted as effects of the non-axisymmetric intrinsic magnetic field. At Saturn, to the contrary, the high level of axial symmetry in the intrinsic field sugg...

on the relationship between using discourse markers and the quality of expository and argumentative academic writing of iranian english majors

the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency and the type of discourse markers used in the argumentative and expository writings of iranian efl learners and the differences between these text features in the two essay genres. the study also aimed at examining the influence of the use of discourse markers on the participants’ writing quality. to this end the discourse markers us...

The Atmosphere and Ionosphere of Jupiter

The properties of the atmosphere of Jupiter are reviewed in the light of observations carried out by the Voyager mission. Solar occultation measurements in the ultraviolet show that the temperature of the upper atmosphere is II00±200K, an apparent increase of about 30% from the value obtained by the Pioneer mission in 1973. Stellar occultation in the ultraviolet indicate that the temperature gr...